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Best Online Stock Trading Brokers for 2018 If you’re looking for a way to build more wealth in 2018, getting started with one of the best online brokerage accounts is a solid first step. Doing so will allow you to invest outside your traditional retirement accounts and on your own terms. The best part is, the best online brokerage firms charge little or no fees and offer excellent resources that can help you learn more about investing along the way. Of course, not all brokerage firms are created equal, and that’s why we took the time to break down each of their details and rank the top options on an array of factors. If you’re looking for a new way to invest this year and are ready to strike out on your own, the following online brokerage accounts should be at the top of your list.What Matters When You Trade Stocks on Your Own? Managing your own money can be a stressful endeavor. To minimize this, and to minimize information overload that tends to come from watching the markets 24/7, there are a few must-haves to look for in an online broker. Clean interface. When I trade, I want to be able to easily find my order entry ticket. I don’t want it buried under a number of drop downs. This interface should have intuitive access to see your balance, available cash, positions with real time P/L and all be easily navigated. Quick access to basic charting. A chart tells me where the stock has been recently. I don’t trade minute to minute anymore, so I don’t need complex tools like stochastics or retracement lines. All that’s important is that I have a basic chart on a yearly, monthly, weekly, daily and intra day time period. I use a chart to see current price relative to those time periods, mainly to avoid purchasing at a bad price. Low fees. One of the biggest roadblocks to building wealth is fees incurred to invest your hard-earned dollars. Because the fees charged by different brokerage firms vary so dramatically, it’s crucial to seek out options that charge low fees (or no fees) for account management and trades. There are over 50 online brokerages where you can open an account. Beyond the my three rules above, best online brokerage accounts aren’t just for trading stocks. Sure, many of them started as online stock trading accounts, but now they’re full-fledged trading, saving, investing, retirement planning, and banking machines. This industry is more complex than the average person thinks. You shouldn’t just pick any online broker and sign up for an account. The best online broker for one person is often completely different for the next person. Use this resource as a guide to your decision process. Figure out what features are best for you, and make your selection. What Makes a Great Online Broker? I analyzed a number of elements to come to my decision on which brokers are the best. Later in this post, I provide full details on how I selected the best online brokerages. When you take all the features, resources, trading platforms, and technology into account (while also considering every type of trader), the full-service brokers, like E*TRADE and TD Ameritrade are the best for the largest number of people. For those simply looking to make cheap trades, I would recommend going with Optionshouse. If you’re a very advanced trader, high-volume trader, or a professional who manages money, I recommend going with Interactive Brokers. However, I didn’t include Interactive Brokers on my list because they’re best for a very small group of traders and the platform is very complex. Top Qualities of Standout Online Trading Platforms Quality trading tools and technology Multiple trading platforms for all levels of traders Excellent mobile trading features Solid navigation that displays the relevant information where you want it Quality educational resources and research for trader development There’s more to selecting an online broker than price. You have to consider the resources you’re getting for the cost you pay per trade. For example, my colleague, who is also an ex-trader, likes to use a combination of stock and options trade in his longer-term trading. He recently switched over to Fidelity because he really liked the cash management features, but was very disappointed by complex order entry, sub-par options execution and frustrating navigation. He’s currently making the switch to one of the brokers I profile here.
Best Online Stock Trading Brokers for 2018 If you’re looking for a way to build more wealth in 2018, getting started with one of the best online brokerage accounts is a solid first step. Doing so will allow you to invest outside your traditional retirement accounts and on your own terms. The best part is, the best online brokerage firms charge little or no fees and offer excellent resources that can help you learn more about investing along the way. Of course, not all brokerage firms are created equal, and that’s why we took the time to break down each of their details and rank the top options on an array of factors. If you’re looking for a new way to invest this year and are ready to strike out on your own, the following online brokerage accounts should be at the top of your list.What Matters When You Trade Stocks on Your Own? Managing your own money can be a stressful endeavor. To minimize this, and to minimize information overload that tends to come from watching the markets 24/7, there are a few must-haves to look for in an online broker. Clean interface. When I trade, I want to be able to easily find my order entry ticket. I don’t want it buried under a number of drop downs. This interface should have intuitive access to see your balance, available cash, positions with real time P/L and all be easily navigated. Quick access to basic charting. A chart tells me where the stock has been recently. I don’t trade minute to minute anymore, so I don’t need complex tools like stochastics or retracement lines. All that’s important is that I have a basic chart on a yearly, monthly, weekly, daily and intra day time period. I use a chart to see current price relative to those time periods, mainly to avoid purchasing at a bad price. Low fees. One of the biggest roadblocks to building wealth is fees incurred to invest your hard-earned dollars. Because the fees charged by different brokerage firms vary so dramatically, it’s crucial to seek out options that charge low fees (or no fees) for account management and trades. There are over 50 online brokerages where you can open an account. Beyond the my three rules above, best online brokerage accounts aren’t just for trading stocks. Sure, many of them started as online stock trading accounts, but now they’re full-fledged trading, saving, investing, retirement planning, and banking machines. This industry is more complex than the average person thinks. You shouldn’t just pick any online broker and sign up for an account. The best online broker for one person is often completely different for the next person. Use this resource as a guide to your decision process. Figure out what features are best for you, and make your selection. What Makes a Great Online Broker? I analyzed a number of elements to come to my decision on which brokers are the best. Later in this post, I provide full details on how I selected the best online brokerages. When you take all the features, resources, trading platforms, and technology into account (while also considering every type of trader), the full-service brokers, like E*TRADE and TD Ameritrade are the best for the largest number of people. For those simply looking to make cheap trades, I would recommend going with Optionshouse. If you’re a very advanced trader, high-volume trader, or a professional who manages money, I recommend going with Interactive Brokers. However, I didn’t include Interactive Brokers on my list because they’re best for a very small group of traders and the platform is very complex. Top Qualities of Standout Online Trading Platforms Quality trading tools and technology Multiple trading platforms for all levels of traders Excellent mobile trading features Solid navigation that displays the relevant information where you want it Quality educational resources and research for trader development There’s more to selecting an online broker than price. You have to consider the resources you’re getting for the cost you pay per trade. For example, my colleague, who is also an ex-trader, likes to use a combination of stock and options trade in his longer-term trading. He recently switched over to Fidelity because he really liked the cash management features, but was very disappointed by complex order entry, sub-par options execution and frustrating navigation. He’s currently making the switch to one of the brokers I profile here.

3 Macam Pertemuan Lempeng Bumi

Litosfer merupakan cuilan paling atas dari kerak bumi dan merupakan cuilan lapisan kerak bumi yang relatif tipis. Lapisan ini mampu diper- umpamakan lapisan kulit ari pada manusia.

Litosfer bumi kita terbagi atas sekitar 12 lempeng. Lempeng-lempeng tersebut masing-masing mempunyai gerakan pergeseran yang mendatar. Karena arah geser yang tidak sama, terdapat tiga macam kecenderungan batas pertemuan antara lempeng-lempeng itu, yakni dua lempeng saling menjauh, dua lempeng saling bertumbukan, dan dua lempeng saling berpapasan.

a. Dua Lempeng Saling Menjauh


Menurut Teori Lempeng Tektonik, lapisan terluar bumi kita terbuat dari suatu lempeng tipis dan keras yang masing-masing saling bergerak relatif terhadap yang lain. Gerakan ini terjadi terus-menerus sejak bumi ini tercipta sampai sekarang. Teori Lempeng Tektonik muncul sejak tahun 1960-an, dan sampai kini teori ini telah berhasil menjelaskan aneka macam kejadian geologis, mirip gempa bumi, tsunami, dan meletusnya gunung berapi, juga perihal bagaimana terbentuknya gunung, benua, samudra, dan relief muka bumi. 


Lempeng tektonik terbentuk oleh kerak benua (continental crust) ataupun kerak samudra (oceanic crust), dan lapisan batuan teratas dari mantel bumi (earth’s mantle). Kerak benua dan kerak samudra beserta lapisan teratas mantel ini dinamakan litosfer. Kepadatan material pada kerak samudra lebih tinggi dibanding kepadatan kerak benua. Demikian pula, elemen-elemen zat pada kerak samudra (mafik) lebih berat dibanding elemen-elemen pada kerak benua (felsik).

Di bawah litosfer terdapat lapisan batuan cair yang dinamakan astenosfer. Karena suhu dan tekanan di lapisan astenosfer ini sangat tinggi, batu-batuan di lapisan ini bergerak mengalir mirip cairan (fluid), sehingga kerak bumi terpecah menjadi beberapa lempeng.

Pada cuilan tertentu lempeng benua menunjam ke bawah lempeng benua lainnya. Karena keduanya yakni lempeng benua, materialnya tidak terlalu padat dan tidak cukup berat untuk tenggelam masuk ke astenosfer dan meleleh. Wilayah di cuilan yang bertubrukan mengeras dan menebal, dan membentuk formasi pegunungan non vulkanik (mountain range).

Fenomena yang terjadi jikalau dua lempeng saling menjauh yakni sebagai berikut :
  • pembentukan tanggul dasar samudra di sepanjang tempat perenggangan antar lempeng;
  • perenggangan lempeng akan disertai pertumbukan kedua tepi lempeng tersebut dengan lempeng di sisi luarnya;
  • terjadinya program vulkanisme maritim dalam yang menghasilkan lava basa berstruktur bantal dan hamparan lelehan lava yang encer;
  • munculnya program gempa di dasar maritim dan sekitarnya.

Tanggul dasar maritim terjadi tanggapan proses vulkanisme yang bertumpuk sepanjang celah. Sebagai contoh yang terdapat di Lautan Atlantik, memanjang dari kutub utara sampai mendekati kutub selatan. Celah ini menimbulkan Benua Amerika bergerak saling menjauh dengan Benua Afrika dan Benua Eropa.
Gambar tabrakan antar lempeng bumi

b. Dua Lempeng Saling Bertemu


Fenomena yang terjadi jikalau dua lempeng saling bertemu yakni sebagai beriku t:
  • lempeng dasar samudra menunjam ke bawah lempeng benua;
  • merupakan daerah hiposentra gempa dangkal dan gempa dalam;
  • terjadinya program vulkanisme, intrusi, dan ekstrusi;
  • terbentuk palung maritim di tempat tumbukan itu terjadi;
  • pembengkakan tepi lempeng benua yang merupakan tempat munculnya formasi pegunungan;
  • timbunan sedimen campuran yang dalam istilah geologi disebut batuan bancuh atau melange;
  • penghancuran lempeng tanggapan pergesekan lempeng.

Menunjamnya lempeng dasar samudra disebabkan oleh desakan lempeng benua yang lebih tebal dan keras, dan di tempat inilah terbentuk palung laut, yakni dasar maritim yang dalam dan memanjang. Dampak dari pergerakan lempeng terhadap wilayah Indonesia, membuat wilayah Indonesia rawan akan gempa bumi.

Indonesia terdapat pertemuan tiga lempeng, yakni lempeng Pasifik, lempeng Eurasia, dan lempeng Indo-Australia. Jenis batas antara kedua lempeng ini yakni konvergen. Lempeng Indo-Australia yakni lempeng yang menunjam ke bawah lempeng Eurasia. Selain itu, di cuilan timur, bertemu tiga lempeng tektonik sekaligus, yakni lempeng Filipina, Pasifik, dan Indo-Australia.

Adanya pergerakan subduksi antara dua lempeng menimbulkan terbentuknya formasi gunung berapi dan parit samudra. Demikian pula subduksi antara lempeng Indo-Australia dan lempeng Eurasia menimbulkan terbentuknya formasi gunung berapi yang tak lain yakni Bukit Barisan di Pulau Sumatra dan formasi gunung berapi di sepanjang pulau Jawa, Bali, dan Lombok, serta parit samudra yang tak lain yakni Parit Jawa (Sunda).

Lempeng tektonik terus bergerak. Suatu dikala gerakannya mengalami gesekan atau benturan yang cukup keras. Jika ini terjadi, timbullah gempa dan tsunami, dan meningkatnya kenaikan magma ke permukaan. Jadi, tidak heran jikalau terjadi gempa yang bersumber dari dasar Samudra Hindia, yang sering kali diikuti dengan tsunami, program gunung berapi di sepanjang Pulau Sumatra dan Jawa juga turut meningkat. Sebagai contoh yakni Palung Jawa yang merupakan tempat pertemuan antara lempeng Benua Asia dan lempeng dasar Samudra Hindia. Begitu juga dengan palung Laut Jepang, Palung Guam, dan Palung Mindanau (Palung Mariana) Samudra Pasifik di Filipina, semuanya merupakan tempat lempeng dasar Samudra Pasifik menunjam ke bawah lempeng Benua Asia. Munculnya formasi Pulau Sumatra, Pulau Jawa, Kepulauan Nusa Tenggara, dan Pulau Timor yakni tanggapan dari pembentukan lempeng benua. Di sepanjang pegunungan dan pulau-pulau itu bermunculan puncak gunung api, lipatan, dan retakan.

Gambar lempeng indo-australia

c. Dua Lempeng Saling Berpapasan


Fenomena yang terjadi jikalau dua lempeng saling berpapasan dan terjadi pergeseran mendatar yakni sebagai berikut :
  1. terdapat program vulkanisme yang lemah disertai gempa yang tidak kuat;
  2. gejala pergeseran tampak pada tanggul dasar samudra yang tidak berkesinambungan dan terputus-putus. Tanggul dasar samudra di cuilan tengah Samudra Atlantik ternyata terputus-putus sebagai tanggapan dari pergeseran mendatar itu.


Lipatan Bumi
Lipatan cuilan lembah yang turun dinamakan sinklin dan yang puncak terangkat dinamakan antiklin. Sebuah antiklin mampu menjadi puncak pegunungan yang berderet memanjang setelah mengalami pengikisan, sedangkan sebuah antiklin mampu pula menjadi lembah dan sinklin menjelma puncak pegunungan.

Bentukan patahan pada lapisan kulit bumi disebabkan oleh rapuhnya lapisan kulit bumi tanggapan gerakan tenaga endogen. Tenaga endogen menimbulkan terjadinya pergeseran pada bidang patahan. Patahan ada yang berbentuk vertikal, horizontal miring, dan block mountain. Bentuk-bentuk patahan sangat tergantung pada arah tenaga penyebabnya. Penyebab patahan mampu berupa tarikan, artinya dua tenaga yang saling menjauh, atau mungkin juga berupa tekanan, artinya dua tenaga yang saling menekan (mendekat) untuk diretakkan.

Patahan Bumi
Di Indonesia patahan yang terkenal terdapat di Pulau Sumatra, yakni patahan Semangko dan Ngarai Sianok di sepanjang Bukit Barisan. Di dunia patahan paling besar terdapat di Afrika, yakni di Sungai Zambesi yang mengalir ke Danau Nyasa dan Danau Rudolf.



Sumber :

Sulistyanto, Iwan Gatot. 2009. Geografi 1 : Untuk Sekolah Menengah Atas/ Madrasah Aliyah Kelas X. Jakarta: Pusat Perbukuan, Departemen Pendidikan Nasional
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